About the CRAFFT

The CRAFFT is an efficient and effective health screening tool designed to identify substance use, substance-related riding/driving risk, and substance use disorder among youth ages 12-21. It has been implemented as part of universal screening efforts in thousands of busy medical and community health settings, as it yields information that can serve as the basis for early intervention and patient-centered counseling.

The CRAFFT is the most well-studied adolescent substance use screener available and has been shown to be valid for adolescents from a variety of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic backgrounds. It is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Bright Futures Guidelines for preventive care screenings and well-visits, the Center for Medicaid and CHIP Services’ Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) program, and the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Youth Screening Guide.

The current version of the tool, the CRAFFT 2.1, includes evidence-based revisions to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the tool and includes vaping as a method of administration for marijuana use. The CRAFFT 2.1+N contains additional questions about tobacco and nicotine use.

 

Publications

CABHRe Researchers

Publications

2025

  1. Metz, V. E., Bendtsen, M., Arya, S., Francis, J. M., Ghosh, A., Haller, D. M., Harris, S. K., Hinman, A., Kline-Simon, A. H., Levy, S., McPherson, T. L., Mitchell, S. G., Newbury-Birch, D., Praharaj, S. K., Toner, P., Weitzman, E. R., & Sterling, S. A. (2025). Roadmap for Global Youth Substance Use Prevention, Screening, and Early Intervention Research. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 76(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.09.023  
  2. Thomas, J. J., Holsen, L., Van De Water, A. L., Becker, K. R., Breithaupt, L., Burton-Murray, H., Asanza, E., Gydus, J., Palmer, L. P., Stern, C. M., Freizinger, M., Shrier, L. A., Bern, E. M., Deckersbach, T., Misra, M., Eddy, K. T., Micali, N., & Lawson, E. (2025). Neural Response to Food Cues in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. JAMA Network Open, 8(2), e2460101. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.60101 

2024

  1. Hogue, A., Porter, N. P., Ozechowski, T. J., Becker, S. J., O’Grady, M. A., Bobek, M., Cerniglia, M., Ambrose, K., MacLean, A., Hadland, S. E., Cunningham, H., Bagley, S. M., Sherritt, L., O’Connell, M., Shrier, L. A., & Harris, S. K. (2024). Standard Versus Family-Based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Adolescent Substance Use in Primary Care: Protocol for a Multisite Randomized Effectiveness Trial. JMIR Research Protocols, 13, e54486. https://doi.org/10.2196/54486 
  2. Poliakova, N., Shrier, L. A., Harris, S. K., & Bélanger, R. E. (2024). Predicting Time to Return to Cannabis Use After a Cessation Attempt: Impact of Cumulated Exposure to Nicotine-Containing Products. Tobacco Use Insights, 17, 1179173X241259603. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X241259603 
  3. Shrier, L. A., McCaskill, N. H., Smith, M. C., O’Connell, M. M., Gluskin, B. S., Parker, S., Everett, V., Burke, P. J., & Harris, S. K. (2024). Telehealth counseling plus mHealth intervention for cannabis use in emerging adults: Development and a remote open pilot trial. Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment, 166, 209472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.josat.2024.209472 
  4. Shrier, L. A., O’Connell, M. M., Torres, A., Shone, L. P., Fiks, A. G., Plumb, J. A., Maturo, J. L., McCaskill, N. H., Harris, D., Burke, P. J., Felt, T., Murphy, M. L., Sherritt, L., & Harris, S. K. (2024). Correction: Computer-Facilitated Screening and Brief Intervention for Alcohol Use Risk in Adolescent Patients of Pediatric Primary Care Offices: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Research Protocols, 13, e59383. https://doi.org/10.2196/59383 

2023

  1. Rosmarin, D. H., Pirutinsky, S., Kaufman, C. C., Harris, S. K., Sneider, J. T., & Silveri, M. M. (2023). Religious affiliation protects against alcohol/substance use initiation: A prospective study among healthy adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 95(2), 372–381. https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12119 
  2. Shrier, L. A., & Harris, S. K. (2023). Associations of Momentary Mindfulness With Affect and Cannabis Desire in a Trial of Cannabis Use Interventions With and Without Momentary Assessment. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 72(1), 126–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.09.002 
  3. Vargas, G., Shrier, L. A., Chadi, N., & Harris, S. K. (2023). High-Potency Cannabis Use in Adolescence. The Journal of Pediatrics, 252, 191-197.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.07.034 

2022

  1. Byregowda, H., Flynn, A. L., Knight, J. R., & Harris, S. K. (2022). Perceived Risk of Harm Mediates the Effects of Primary Care Alcohol Use Screening and Brief Advice in Adolescents. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 70(3), 442–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.09.029 
  2. O’Connell, M., Levy, S., Shrier, L. A., & Harris, S. K. (2022). Trends in cannabis-related attitudes and behaviors among cannabis-using adolescent and young adult outpatients following medical cannabis legalization in Massachusetts. Substance Abuse, 43(1), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2021.1941517 
  3. Silveri, M. M., Sneider, J. T., Cohen-Gilbert, J. E., Oot, E. N., Seraikas, A. M., Schuttenberg, E. M., Hamilton, D. A., Sabolek, H., Harris, S. K., & Nickerson, L. D. (2022). Perceived stress and rejection associated with functional network strength during memory retrieval in adolescents. Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(2), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2026313 
  4. Woodberry, K. A., Johnson, K. A., & Shrier, L. A. (2022). Screening for Early Emerging Mental Experiences (SEE ME): A Model to Improve Early Detection of Psychosis in Integrated Primary Care. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 10, 899653. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.899653 

2021

  1. Ganapathi, L., Srikrishnan, A. K., Martinez, C., Lucas, G. M., Mehta, S. H., Verma, V., McFall, A. M., Mayer, K. H., Hassan, A., Rajan, S., O’Cleirigh, C., Harris, S. K., & Solomon, S. S. (2021). Young and invisible: A qualitative study of service engagement by people who inject drugs in India. BMJ Open, 11(9), e047350. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047350  
  2. Gibson, E. B., Knight, J. R., Levinson, J. A., Sherritt, L., & Harris, S. K. (2021). Pediatric Primary Care Provider Perspectives on a Computer-Facilitated Screening and Brief Intervention System for Adolescent Substance Use. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 69(1), 157–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.037  
  3. Johnson, J. K., Johnson, R. M., Hodgkin, D., Jones, A. A., Kritikos, A., Doonan, S. M., & Harris, S. K. (2021). Medical marijuana laws (MMLs) and dispensary provisions not associated with higher odds of adolescent marijuana or heavy marijuana use: A 46 State Analysis, 1991-2015. Substance Abuse, 42(4), 471–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2021.1900986
  4. Katz-Wise, S. L., Sarda, V., Austin, S. B., & Harris, S. K. (2021). Longitudinal effects of gender minority stressors on substance use and related risk and protective factors among gender minority adolescents. PloS One, 16(6), e0250500. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250500  
  5. Kuzubova, K., Knight, J. R., & Harris, S. K. (2021). Adolescent Gender and Age Differences in Religiously and Spiritually Motivated Types of Forgiveness and the Relationship to Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(4), 2662–2676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01217-6  
  6. Lin, J. A., Harris, S. K., & Shrier, L. A. (2021). Trait mindfulness and cannabis use-related factors in adolescents and young adults with frequent use. Substance Abuse, 42(4), 968–973. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2021.1901179  
  7. Liu, J., Halpern-Felsher, B., & Harris, S. K. (2021). Does Tobacco Screening in Youth Primary Care Identify Youth Vaping? The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 69(3), 519–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.01.017 
  8. Lin, J. A., Harris, S. K., & Shrier, L. A. (2021). Trait mindfulness and cannabis use-related factors in adolescents and young adults with frequent use. Substance Abuse, 42(4), 968–973. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2021.1901179  
  9. Levy, S., Tennermann, N., Marin, A. C., Wiseblatt, A., Shrier, L. A., Garvey, K., Dedeoglu, F., Fishman, L. N., & Weitzman, E. R. (2021). Safety Protocols for Adolescent Substance Use Research in Clinical Settings. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 68(5), 999–1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.030  

2020

  1. Shrier LA, Xuan Z, Harris SK. (2020). Changes in cannabis use-related factors prior to a self-quit attempt in young adults. Cannabis.; 3(1):31-40.
  2. Simon, K. M., Harris, S. K., Shrier, L. A., & Bukstein, O. G. (2020). Measurement-Based Care in the Treatment of Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 29(4), 675–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2020.06.006  

2019 

  1. Chadi, N., Hadland, S. E., & Harris, S. K. (2019). Understanding the implications of the “vaping epidemic” among adolescents and young adults: A call for action. Substance abuse, 40(1), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2019.1580241 
  2. Chen, Y., Harris, S. K., Worthington, E. L., Jr, & VanderWeele, T. J. (2019). Religiously or Spiritually-Motivated Forgiveness and Subsequent Health and Well-Being among Young Adults: An Outcome-Wide Analysis. The journal of positive psychology, 14(5), 649–658. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1519591 
  3. Ganapathi, L., McFall, A. M., Srikrishnan, A. K., Kumar, M. S., Anand, S., Lucas, G. M., Mehta, S. H., Harris, S. K., & Solomon, S. S. (2019). Young people who inject drugs in India have high HIV incidence and behavioural risk: a cross-sectional study. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 22(5), e25287. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25287 
  4. Hadland, S. E., Knight, J. R., & Harris, S. K. (2019). Alcohol Use Disorder: A Pediatric-Onset Condition Needing Early Detection and Intervention. Pediatrics, 143(3), e20183654. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3654 
  5. Hassan A, Harris SK, Knight JR. Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) in a Primary Care and Pediatric Setting. Clinical Manual of Youth Addictive Disorders. Ed. by Y Kaminer, K Winters. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatry Association Publishing. 2019.
  6. Knight, J. R., Sherritt, L., Gibson, E. B., Levinson, J. A., Grubb, L. K., Samuels, R. C., Silva, T., Vernacchio, L., Wornham, W., & Harris, S. K. (2019). Effect of Computer-Based Substance Use Screening and Brief Behavioral Counseling vs Usual Care for Youths in Pediatric Primary Care: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA network open, 2(6), e196258. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6258 
  7. Knight, J. R., Sherritt, L., Gibson, E. B., Levinson, J. A., Grubb, L. K., Samuels, R. C., Silva, T., Vernacchio, L., Wornham, W., & Harris, S. K. (2019). Effect of Computer-Based Substance Use Screening and Brief Behavioral Counseling vs Usual Care for Youths in Pediatric Primary Care: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA network open, 2(6), e196258. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6258 
  8. Maksimovskiy, A. L., Oot, E. N., Seraikas, A. M., Rieselbach, M., Caine, C., Sneider, J. T., Cohen-Gilbert, J. E., Harris, S. K., Nickerson, L. D., Rohan, M. L., & Silveri, M. M. (2019). Morphometric Biomarkers of Adolescents With Familial Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 43(11), 2354–2366.
  9. McCarty, C.A., Levy, S., & Harris, S.K. (2019). Alcohol Use Screening and Behavioral Counseling with Adolescents in Primary Care: A Call to Action. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(1),12-14.  https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4171 
  10. Rial, A., Kim-Harris, S., Knight, J. R., Araujo, M., Gómez, P., Braña, T., Varela, J., & Golpe, S. (2019). Empirical validation of the CRAFFT Abuse Screening Test in a Spanish sample. Validación empírica del CRAFFT Abuse Screening Test en una muestra de adolescentes españoles. Adicciones, 31(2), 160–169. https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1105 

2018

  1. Brooks TL, Knight JR, Harris SK. Screening and brief intervention for adolescents. In The ASAM Principles of Addiction Medicine, Sixth Edition, ed. by SC Miller, DA Fiellin, RN Rosenthal, R Saitz. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2018.
  2. Harris SK, Johnson J, Knight JR. Governmental Policy on Cannabis Legalization and Cannabis as Medicine: Impact on Youth. In The ASAM Principles of Addiction Medicine, Sixth Edition, ed. by SC Miller, DA Fiellin, RN Rosenthal, R Saitz. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2018.
  3. Knight, J. R., Kuzubova, K., Csemy, L., Sherritt, L., Copelas, S., & Harris, S. K. (2018). Computer-Facilitated Screening and Brief Advice to Reduce Adolescents’ Heavy Episodic Drinking: A Study in Two Countries. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 62(1), 118–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.08.013 
  4. Knight JR, Csemy L, Sherritt L, et al. Screening and brief advice to reduce adolescents’ risk of riding with substance-using drivers. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2018; 79(4): 611-616. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2018.79.611 
  5. Levy, S., Wiseblatt, A., Straus, J. H., Strother, H., Fluet, C., & Harris, S. K. (2020). Adolescent SBIRT Practices Among Pediatricians in Massachusetts. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 14(2), 145. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000551 
  6. Shrier, L. A., Burke, P. J., Kells, M., Scherer, E. A., Sarda, V., Jonestrask, C., Xuan, Z., & Harris, S. K. (2018). Pilot randomized trial of MOMENT, a motivational counseling-plus-ecological momentary intervention to reduce marijuana use in youth. mHealth, 4, 29. https://doi.org/10.21037/mhealth.2018.07.04 
  7. Shrier LA, Sarda V, Jonestrask C, Harris SK. Momentary factors during marijuana use as predictors of lapse during attempted abstinence in young adults. Addictive Behaviors. 2018. 83:167-174. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.12.032.
  8. Sneider, J. T., Cohen-Gilbert, J. E., Hamilton, D. A., Stein, E. R., Golan, N., Oot, E. N., Seraikas, A. M., Rohan, M. L., Harris, S. K., Nickerson, L. D., & Silveri, M. M. (2018). Adolescent Hippocampal and Prefrontal Brain Activation During Performance of the Virtual Morris Water Task. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 12, 238. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00238 

2017

  1. Gómez P, Harris SK, Barreiro C, Isorna M, Rial A. Profiles of Internet use and parental involvement, and rates of online risks and problematic Internet use among Spanish adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior. 2017;75:826-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.027 
  2. Golpe S, Gómez P, Harris SK, Braña T, Rial A. Gender differences in the use of the Internet among Spanish adolescents. Behavioral Psychology / Psicología Conductual: Revista Internacional Clínica y de la Salud. 2017;25(1):129-146.
  3. Hadland, S. E., Copelas, S. H., & Harris, S. K. (2017). Trajectories of Substance Use Frequency among Adolescents Seen in Primary Care: Implications for Screening. The Journal of pediatrics, 184, 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.01.033 
  4. Harris, S. K., Aalsma, M. C., Weitzman, E. R., Garcia-Huidobro, D., Wong, C., Hadland, S. E., Santelli, J., Park, M. J., & Ozer, E. M. (2017). Research on Clinical Preventive Services for Adolescents and Young Adults: Where Are We and Where Do We Need to Go?. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 60(3), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.005 
  5. Johnson, J. K., Johnson, R. M., Hodgkin, D., Jones, A. A., Matteucci, A. M., & Harris, S. K. (2017). Heterogeneity of state medical marijuana laws and adolescent recent use of alcohol and marijuana: Analysis of 45 states, 1991–2011. Substance Abuse, 39(2), 247–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2017.1389801 
  6. Levy, S., Ziemnik, R. E., Harris, S. K., Rabinow, L., Breen, L., Fluet, C., Strother, H., & Straus, J. H. (2017). Screening Adolescents for Alcohol Use: Tracking Practice Trends of Massachusetts Pediatricians. Journal of addiction medicine, 11(6), 427–434. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000340 
  7. O’Brien, K. H. M., Knight, J. R., Jr, & Harris, S. K. (2017). A Call for Social Responsibility and Suicide Risk Screening, Prevention, and Early Intervention Following the Release of the Netflix Series 13 Reasons Why. JAMA internal medicine, 177(10), 1418–1419. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.3388 

2016

  1. DʼSouza-Li, L., & Harris, S. K. (2016). The future of screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment in adolescent primary care: research directions and dissemination challenges. Current opinion in pediatrics, 28(4), 434–440. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000371 

2015

  1. Hadland, S. E., Knight, J. R., & Harris, S. K. (2015). Medical marijuana: review of the science and implications for developmental-behavioral pediatric practice. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP, 36(2), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000129 
  2. Harris, S. K., Knight, J. R., Jr, Van Hook, S., Sherritt, L., Brooks, T. L., Kulig, J. W., Nordt, C. A., & Saitz, R. (2016). Adolescent substance use screening in primary care: Validity of computer self-administered versus clinician-administered screening. Substance abuse, 37(1), 197–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2015.1014615 

2014

  1. Hadland, S. E., & Harris, S. K. (2014). Youth marijuana use: state of the science for the practicing clinician. Current opinion in pediatrics, 26(4), 420–427. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000114 
  2. Harris SK, Louis-Jacques J, Knight JR. Screening and brief intervention for alcohol and other abuse. Adolesc Med State Art Rev. 2014;25(1):126-156.
  3. Harris SK, Knight JR. Putting the screen in screening: technology-based alcohol screening and brief interventions in medical settings. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews. 2014;36(1):63-79

2009

  1. Hassan, A., Harris, S. K., Sherritt, L., Van Hook, S., Brooks, T., Carey, P., Kossack, R., Kulig, J., & Knight, J. R. (2009). Primary care follow-up plans for adolescents with substance use problems. Pediatrics, 124(1), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2979 
  2. Levy, S., Sherritt, L., Gabrielli, J., Shrier, L. A., & Knight, J. R. (2009). Screening adolescents for substance use-related high-risk sexual behaviors. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 45(5), 473–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.028 

2008

  1. Rojas, N. L., Sherrit, L., Harris, S., & Knight, J. R. (2008). The role of parental consent in adolescent substance use research. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 42(2), 192–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.07.011 

2007

  1. Knight, J. R., Harris, S. K., Sherritt, L., Van Hook, S., Lawrence, N., Brooks, T., Carey, P., Kossack, R., & Kulig, J. (2007). Prevalence of positive substance abuse screen results among adolescent primary care patients. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 161(11), 1035–1041. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.161.11.1035 

2004

  1. Levy, S., Sherritt, L., Harris, S. K., Gates, E. C., Holder, D. W., Kulig, J. W., & Knight, J. R. (2004). Test-retest reliability of adolescents’ self-report of substance use. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 28(8), 1236–1241. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.alc.0000134216.22162.a5 

2002

  1. Knight, J. R., Sherritt, L., Shrier, L. A., Harris, S. K., & Chang, G. (2002). Validity of the CRAFFT substance abuse screening test among adolescent clinic patients. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 156(6), 607–614. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.156.6.607 
  2. Knight, J. R., Sherritt, L., Harris, S. K., Gates, E. C., & Chang, G. (2003). Validity of brief alcohol screening tests among adolescents: a comparison of the AUDIT, POSIT, CAGE, and CRAFFT. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 27(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ALC.0000046598.59317.3A 

1999

  1. Knight, J. R., Shrier, L. A., Bravender, T. D., Farrell, M., Vander Bilt, J., & Shaffer, H. J. (1999). A new brief screen for adolescent substance abuse. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 153(6), 591–596. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.153.6.591

Posters and Presentations

  1. Flynn A, Knight JR, Sherrit L, Harris SK. Does Perceived Risk of harm Mediate the Effects of a Primary Care Alcohol Screening and Brief Advice Intervention for Adolescents?Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse annual conference, Washington D.C., 2017.
  2. Gibson EB, Knight JR, Finlayson J, Sherritt L, Harris SK. Clinician’s Responses to a Computer-Facilitated Substance Use Screening and Brief Advice System for Primary Care. Poster presented at Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse annual conference, Washington D.C., 2017.
  3. Harris SK, Sherritt L, Gibson EB, et al. Primary Care Testing of the National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism’s (NIAAA) Youth Screener for Identifying Underage Alcohol Use Severity. Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse annual conference, Washington D.C., 2017.
  4. Harris SK, Sherritt L, Copelas S, Knight JR, Research P for ASA. Reliability and Validity of Past-12-Month Frequency Items as Opening Questions for the Updated CRAFFT Adolescent Substance Use Screening System. Poster presented at Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse annual conference, Washington D.C., 2016.
  5. Harris SK, Sherrit L, Copelas S, Knight JR, Partnership for Adolescent Substance Abuse Research. Reliabilty and validity of past-12-month frequence items as opening questions for the updated CRAFFT adolescent substance use screening system. International Network for Brief Interventions for Alcohol and Other Drugs, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2016.
  6. Showalter E, Knight JR, Sherritt L, Harris SK. Is screentime important?: Efficacy of a computer-facilitated brief intervention for reducing adolescent substance use is predicted by viewing time. Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse annual conference, Washington D.C., 2016.

 

External Researchers

2025

  1. Schneider-Matyka, D., Cybulska, A. M., Panczyk, M., Andruszkiewicz, A., Dyk, D., Gaworska-Krzemińska, A., Gniadek, A., Kozieł, D., Kupcewicz, E., Młynarska, A., Lewko, J., Ślusarska, B., Śniegocka, M., Grochans, E., & Rachubińska, K. (2025). The impact of self-efficacy on substance use in nursing students: The mediating role of sense of coherence. BMC Nursing, 24(1), 809. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03337-w  
  2. Semwal, J., Deepshikha, null, Vallabh, V., Uniyal, A., Shrivastava, A., Bijalwan, R., & Nagrath, D. (2025). Substance abuse among Adolescents and Youth (10-24 years): Assessing the prevalence and risk assessment in the suburban areas of Dehradun District, Uttarakhand. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 14(3), 954–962. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1260_24  
  3. Witt, S., Kameg, B., & Zelazny, J. (2025). Implementation of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) utilizing the CRAFFT+N among pediatric patients at an outpatient psychiatric practice. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 55, 151863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2025.151863  

2024

  1. Aber-Odonga, H., Babirye, J. N., Engebretsen, I. M. S., & Nuwaha, F. (2024). Prevalence of probable substance use disorders among children in Ugandan health facilities. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 314. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17732-6   
  2. Gansner, M., Horton, A. K., Singh, R., & Schuman-Olivier, Z. (2024). Exploring relationships between social media use, online exposure to drug-related content, and youth substance use in real time: A pilot ecological momentary assessment study in a clinical sample of adolescents and young adults. Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 3, 1369810. https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1369810  
  3. Karas, D., Eggleston, L., Goldman, W., Bigham, M., & White, P. C. (2024). Substance Use Screening in a Large Pediatric Primary Care Network: A Quality Improvement Project. Pediatric Quality & Safety, 9(4), e745. https://doi.org/10.1097/pq9.0000000000000745 
  4. Lai, B., Good, J., Singh, G., Deyo, M., Marshall, R., & Oesterle, T. (2024). Adolescent Substance Use Disorder in Primary Care: Challenges in Treatment Referral Beyond Access Availability. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 15, 21501319241276817. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319241276817  
  5. Marino, E. N., Jha, M. K., Minhajuddin, A., Ayvaci, E. R., Levinson, S., Pipes, R., Emslie, G. J., & Trivedi, M. H. (2024). Problematic substance use in depressed adolescents: Prevalence and clinical correlates. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 19, 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100539  
  6. Molebatsi, K., Ntlantsana, V., Brooks, M. J., & Seloilwe, E. (2024). Association between Childhood Trauma, Mental Health Symptoms and Adherence Among Youth Living with HIV in Botswana. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 17(4), 1079–1089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-024-00658-x  
  7. Nalugya, J. S., Engebretsen, I. M. S., Nakasujja, N., Ndeezi, G., Babirye, J. N., Bakken, V., Skar, A.-M. S., Tumwine, J. K., & Skokauskas, N. (2024). Improving alcohol and substance use screening in school-age children: Translation, adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the CRAFFT tool for Lumasaaba, Uganda. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 19(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13722-024-00465-7  
  8. Nalugya, J. S., Nakasujja, N., Engebretsen, I. M. S., Abbo, C., Tumwine, J. K., Musisi, S., Babirye, J. N., Mpungu, E. N., & Ndeezi, G. (2024). Prevalence and psycho-social factors associated with alcohol use among primary school-going children aged 6 to 13 years in Mbale district, Uganda: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics, 24(1), 782. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-05260-6  
  9. Rial, A., García-Couceiro, N., Gómez, P., Braña, T., & Isorna, M. (2024). Minors and drug-facilitated sexual assaults: Between submission and chemical vulnerability. Adicciones, 36(3), 317–328. https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1871   
  10. Troncoso-Munoz, S., & Davis, K. D. (2024). Integration of Substance Use Screening Into the Electronic Health Record for Adolescent Trauma Patients: A Quality Improvement Project. Journal of Trauma Nursing: The Official Journal of the Society of Trauma Nurses, 31(2), 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0000000000000780  

2023 

  1.  Crockett, M. A., & Martínez, V. (2023). Depression, generalized anxiety and risk of problematic substance use in high school students. Andes Pediatrica: Revista Chilena De Pediatria, 94(2), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.32641/andespediatr.v94i2.4376  
  2. Fernald, M., Cassidy, B., Ren, D., Mitchell, A., & Kameg, B. (2023). An evaluation of documentation and follow-up on the use of SBIRT in an outpatient behavioral health clinic through the use of the CRAFFT tool. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing: Official Publication of the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses, Inc, 36(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12395  
  3. García-Couceiro, N., Isorna, M., Braña, T., Varela, J., Gandoy-Crego, M., & Rial, A. (2023). Waterpipe use among adolescents. Possible implications and related variables. Adicciones, 35(4), 445–454. https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1744  
  4. Heradstveit, O., Hysing, M., Breivik, K., Skogen, J. C., & Askeland, K. G. (2023). Negative Life Events, Protective Factors, and Substance-Related Problems: A Study of Resilience in Adolescence. Substance Use & Misuse, 58(4), 471–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2022.2161319  
  5. Shishane, K., John-Langba, J., & Onifade, E. (2023). Mental health disorders and recidivism among incarcerated adult offenders in a correctional facility in South Africa: A cluster analysis. PloS One, 18(1), e0278194. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278194  

2022

  1. Ballestar-Tarín, M. L., Ibáñez-Del-Valle, V., Cauli, O., & Navarro-Martínez, R. (2022). Personal and Social Consequences of Psychotropic Substance Use: A Population-Based Internet Survey. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 58(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010065  
  2. Ranganath, P., Hjetland, G. J., Finserås, T. R., Brunborg, G. S., Hesse, M., & Skogen, J. C. (2022). Negative experiences, social exclusion and unwanted attention on social media: Exploring the association with adolescent alcohol use. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 2361. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14679-4  
  3. Rathi, M., Guha, P., & Neogi, R. (2022). Internet addiction in adolescents: Role of family, personality and comorbid psychopathology in school children in Eastern India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 64(4), 408–414. https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_783_21   

2021

  1. Kobulsky, J. M., Yoon, S. H., Wildfeuer, R., Simonsson, P., & Shin, S. H. (2022). The Effects of Father-Perpetration of Maltreatment on Adolescent Health Risk. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(15-16), NP13092–NP13114. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211001484 
  2. Lee, C. A., Smith, D. C., Lanker, A., & Clary, K. L. (2021). Sensitivity and specificity of the CRAFFT to identify heavy cannabis use: Evidence from a large statewide adolescent sample. Addictive behaviors, 122, 107006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107006 
  3. Skylstad, V., Aber, H., Bakken, V., Dierkes, J., Iversen, S. A., Kisaakye, E., Kühl, M. J., Nalugya, J. S., Rayamajhi, D., Sebuwufu, D., Skar, A. S., Skokauskas, N., Valeckaite, N., Wamani, H., S Engebretsen, I. M., Babirye, J. N., & TREAT C-AUD consortium (2021). Child alcohol use disorder in Eastern Uganda: screening, diagnostics, risk factors and management of children drinking alcohol in Uganda (TREAT C-AUD): a mixed-methods research protocol. BMJ paediatrics open, 5(1), e001214. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001214 
  4. Yurasek, A. M., Kemp, K., Otero, J., & Tolou-Shams, M. (2021). Substance use screening and rates of treatment referral among justice-involved youth. Addictive behaviors, 122, 107036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107036 

2020

  1. Alinsky, R. H., Percy, K., Adger, H., Jr, Fertsch, D., & Trent, M. (2020). Substance Use Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment in Pediatric Practice: A Quality Improvement Project in the Maryland Adolescent and Young Adult Health Collaborative Improvement and Innovation Network. Clinical pediatrics, 59(4-5), 429–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922820902441 
  2. Garofoli M. (2020). Adolescent Substance Abuse. Primary care, 47(2), 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2020.02.013 
  3. Kvillemo, P., Strandberg, A. K., Gripenberg, J., Berman, A. H., Skoglund, C., & Elgán, T. H. (2020). Effects of an automated digital brief prevention intervention targeting adolescents and young adults with risky alcohol and other substance use: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 10(5), e034894. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034894 
  4. Mitchell, S. G., Gryczynski, J., Schwartz, R. P., Kirk, A. S., Dusek, K., Oros, M., Hosler, C., O’Grady, K. E., & Brown, B. S. (2020). Adolescent SBIRT implementation: Generalist vs. Specialist models of service delivery in primary care. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 111, 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2020.01.007 
  5. Navarro-Martínez, R., Chover-Sierra, E., Colomer-Pérez, N., Vlachou, E., Andriuseviciene, V., & Cauli, O. (2020). Sleep quality and its association with substance abuse among university students. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 188, 105591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105591 

2019

  1. Chang, G., Ondersma, S. J., Blake-Lamb, T., Gilstad-Hayden, K., Orav, E. J., & Yonkers, K. A. (2019). Identification of substance use disorders among pregnant women: A comparison of screeners. Drug and alcohol dependence, 205, 107651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107651 
  2. Colica, D., Campana, V., Vázquez Peña, F. R., Barán Cegla, P., & Viettoa, V. (2019). Psychometric properties and operating characteristics of the Spanish-adapted version of the CRAFFT questionnaire in adolescents from Greater Buenos Aires. Propiedades psicométricas y características operativas de la versión adaptada al castellano del cuestionario CRAFFT en adolescentes del conurbano bonaerense. Archivos argentinos de pediatria, 117(5), 301–305. https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2019.eng.301 
  3. Colomer-Pérez, N., Chover-Sierra, E., Navarro-Martínez, R., Andriusevičienė, V., Vlachou, E., & Cauli, O. (2019). Alcohol and Drug Use in European University Health Science Students: Relationship with Self-Care Ability. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(24), 5042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245042 
  4. Diestelkamp, S., Wartberg, L., Kaess, M., Bauer, S., Rummel-Kluge, C., Becker, K., Eschenbeck, H., Salize, H. J., Moessner, M., Baldus, C., Arnaud, N., Thomasius, R., & ProHEAD consortium (2019). Effectiveness of a web-based screening and brief intervention with weekly text-message-initiated individualised prompts for reducing risky alcohol use among teenagers: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial within the ProHEAD consortium. Trials, 20(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-3160-z 
  5. Grall-Bronnec, M., Laforgue, E. J., Challet-Bouju, G., Cholet, J., Hardouin, J. B., Leboucher, J., Guillou-Landréat, M., & Victorri-Vigneau, C. (2019). Prevalence of Coaddictions and Rate of Successful Treatment Among a French Sample of Opioid-Dependent Patients With Long-Term Opioid Substitution Therapy: The OPAL Study. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 726. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00726 
  6. Gryczynski, J., Mitchell, S. G., Schwartz, R. P., Kelly, S. M., Dušek, K., Monico, L., O’Grady, K. E., Brown, B. S., Oros, M., & Hosler, C. (2019). Disclosure of Adolescent Substance Use in Primary Care: Comparison of Routine Clinical Screening and Anonymous Research Interviews. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 64(4), 541–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.10.009 
  7. Heradstveit, O., Skogen, J. C., Hetland, J., Stewart, R., & Hysing, M. (2019). Psychiatric Diagnoses Differ Considerably in Their Associations With Alcohol/Drug-Related Problems Among Adolescents. A Norwegian Population-Based Survey Linked With National Patient Registry Data. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1003. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01003 
  8. Källmén, H., Berman, A. H., Jayaram-Lindström, N., Hammarberg, A., & Elgán, T. H. (2019). Psychometric Properties of the AUDIT, AUDIT-C, CRAFFT and ASSIST-Y among Swedish Adolescents. European addiction research, 25(2), 68–77. https://doi.org/10.1159/000496741 
  9. Kulak, J. A., & Griswold, K. S. (2019). Adolescent Substance Use and Misuse: Recognition and Management. American family physician, 99(11), 689–696.
  10. Menon, S. V., Thakur, H., Shorey, R. C., & Cohen, J. R. (2021). Predicting Adolescent Substance Use in a Child Welfare Sample: A Multi-Indicator Algorithm. Assessment, 28(4), 1207–1218. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191119880966 
  11. Monico, L. B., Mitchell, S. G., Dusek, K., Gryczynski, J., Schwartz, R. P., Oros, M., Hosler, C., O’Grady, K. E., & Brown, B. S. (2019). A Comparison of Screening Practices for Adolescents in Primary Care After Implementation of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 65(1), 46–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.005 
  12. Ondersma, S. J., Chang, G., Blake-Lamb, T., Gilstad-Hayden, K., Orav, J., Beatty, J. R., Goyert, G. L., & Yonkers, K. A. (2019). Accuracy of five self-report screening instruments for substance use in pregnancy. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 114(9), 1683–1693. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14651 
  13. Shenoi, R. P., Linakis, J. G., Bromberg, J. R., Casper, T. C., Richards, R., Mello, M. J., Chun, T. H., Spirito, A., & PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE APPLIED RESEARCH NETWORK (2019). Predictive Validity of the CRAFFT for Substance Use Disorder. Pediatrics, 144(2), e20183415. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3415 
  14. Song, Y., Kim, H., & Park, S. Y. (2019). An Item Response Theory Analysis of the Korean Version of the CRAFFT Scale for Alcohol Use Among Adolescents in Korea. Asian nursing research, 13(4), 249–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2019.09.003 
  15. Tejedor-Cabrera, C., & Cauli, O. (2019). Alcohol and Cannabis Intake in Nursing Students. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 55(10), 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100628 
  16. Winn, L. A. P., Paquette, K. L., Donegan, L. R. W., Wilkey, C. M., & Ferreira, K. N. (2019). Enhancing adolescent SBIRT with a peer-delivered intervention: An implementation study. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 103, 14–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2019.05.009 

2018

  1. Chenneville, T., Gabbidon, K., Lynn, C., & Rodriguez, C. (2018). Psychological factors related to resilience and vulnerability among youth with HIV in an integrated care setting. AIDS care, 30(sup4), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1488032 
  2. Kabíček, P., Kobr, J., Šašek, L., Obdržálková, Z., Svitálková, L., Hůrková, V., & Zeman, J. (2018). Alcohol and drug intoxications in adolescents admitted to paediatric wards in the Czech Republic: 5-year retrospective study 2006-2010. Central European journal of public health, 26(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a4644 
  3. Kirkpatrick, Z. A., & Boyd, C. J. (2018). Stimulant Use Among Undergraduate Nursing Students. Journal of addictions nursing, 29(2), 84–89. https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000219 
  4. Mello, M. J., Bromberg, J. R., Wills, H., Gaines, B. A., Lapidus, G., Ranney, M. L., Spirito, A., Parnagian, C., & Baird, J. (2018). Alcohol and Other Drug Use in a Sample of Admitted Adolescent Trauma Patients. Journal of substance abuse and alcoholism, 6(2):1077.
  5. Ramos, M. M., Warner, T., V Rosero, D., & Condon, T. P. (2018). A clinical instrument to guide brief interventions for adolescents with substance use concerns. Substance abuse, 39(1), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2017.1371659 

2017

  1. Alderson, H., McGovern, R., Brown, R., Howel, D., Becker, F., Carr, L., Copello, A., Fouweather, T., Kaner, E., McArdle, P., McColl, E., Shucksmith, J., Steele, A., Vale, L., & Lingam, R. (2017). Supporting Looked After Children and Care Leavers In Decreasing Drugs, and alcohol (SOLID): protocol for a pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial of interventions to decrease risky substance use (drugs and alcohol) and improve mental health of looked after children and care leavers aged 12-20 years. Pilot and feasibility studies, 3, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-017-0138-7
  2. Atilola, O., Ola, B., Abiri, G., Sahid-Adebambo, M., Odukoya, O., Adewuya, A., Coker, O., Folarin, O., & Fasawe, A. (2017). Status of mental-health services for adolescents with psychiatric morbidity in youth correctional institutions in Lagos. Journal of child and adolescent mental health, 29(1), 63–83. https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2017.1321550 
  3. Bagley, S. M., Anderson, B. J., & Stein, M. D. (2017). Usefulness of the CRAFFT to Diagnose Alcohol or Cannabis Use Disorders in a Sample of Emerging Adults with Past-Month Alcohol or Cannabis Use. Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse, 26(1), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2016.1175986
  4. Gamarel, K. E., Nelson, K. M., Brown, L., Fernandez, M. I., Nichols, S., & Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Intervention (2017). The Usefulness of the CRAFFT in Screening for Problematic Drug and Alcohol Use Among Youth Living with HIV. AIDS and behavior, 21(7), 1868–1877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1640-2
  5. Golpe, S., Gómez, P., Braña, T., Varela, J., & Rial, A. (2017). The relationship between consumption of alcohol and other drugs and problematic Internet use among adolescents. Relación entre el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas y el uso problemático de Internet en adolescentes. Adicciones, 29(4), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.959
  6. Lippard, E. T., Mazure, C. M., Johnston, J. A., Spencer, L., Weathers, J., Pittman, B., Wang, F., & Blumberg, H. P. (2017). Brain circuitry associated with the development of substance use in bipolar disorder and preliminary evidence for sexual dimorphism in adolescents. Journal of neuroscience research, 95(1-2), 777–791. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23901
  7. Ng, J. W., Kwan, R., & Cheok, C. C. (2017). Clinical and Functional Outcomes in Young Adult Males With ADHD. Journal of attention disorders, 21(6), 465–474. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714548034
  8. Ola, B., & Atilola, O. (2017). Validation of CRAFFT for Use in Youth Correctional Institutions in Lagos, Nigeria. The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 45(4), 439–446.

2016

  1. Alayan, N., & Shell, L. (2016). Screening adolescents for substance use: The role of NPs in school settings. The Nurse practitioner, 41(5), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NPR.0000482380.82853.c0
  2. Araújo, P., Carvalho, M. G., van Weelden, M., Lourenço, B., Queiroz, L. B., & Silva, C. A. (2016). Substance misuse and sexual function in adolescents with chronic diseases. Uso indevido de drogas e função sexual em adolescentes com doenças crônicas. Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo, 34(3), 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpped.2015.10.008
  3. Arnaud, N., Baldus, C., Elgán, T. H., De Paepe, N., Tønnesen, H., Csémy, L., & Thomasius, R. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-Based Screening and Fully Automated Brief Motivational Intervention for Adolescent Substance Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(5), e103. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4643
  4. D’Amico, E. J., Parast, L., Meredith, L. S., Ewing, B. A., Shadel, W. G., & Stein, B. D. (2016). Screening in Primary Care: What Is the Best Way to Identify At-Risk Youth for Substance Use?. Pediatrics, 138(6), e20161717. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1717
  5. Gabrielli, J., Jackson, Y., & Brown, S. (2016). Associations Between Maltreatment History and Severity of Substance Use Behavior in Youth in Foster Care. Child maltreatment, 21(4), 298–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559516669443

2015

  1. Agley, J., Gassman, R. A., Jun, M., Nowicke, C., & Samuel, S. (2015). Statewide Administration of the CRAFFT Screening Tool: Highlighting the Spectrum of Substance Use. Substance use & misuse, 50(13), 1668–1677. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.1027930
  2. Bertini, M. C., Busaniche, J., Baquero, F., Eymann, A., Krauss, M., Paz, M., & Catsicaris, C. (2015). Transcultural adaptation and validation of the CRAFFT as a screening test for problematic alcohol and substance use, abuse and dependence in a group of Argentine adolescents. Archivos argentinos de pediatria, 113(2), 114–118. https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2015.eng.114
  3. Diestelkamp, S., Kriston, L., Arnaud, N., Wartberg, L., Sack, P. M., Härter, M., & Thomasius, R. (2015). Drinking patterns of alcohol intoxicated adolescents in the emergency department: A latent class analysis. Addictive behaviors, 50, 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.009

2014

  1. Atilola, O., Stevanovic, D., Balhara, Y. P., Avicenna, M., Kandemir, H., Knez, R., Petrov, P., Franic, T., & Vostanis, P. (2014). Role of personal and family factors in alcohol and substance use among adolescents: an international study with focus on developing countries. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 21(7), 609–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12133
  2. Connery, H. S., Albright, B. B., & Rodolico, J. M. (2014). Adolescent substance use and unplanned pregnancy: strategies for risk reduction. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 41(2), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2014.02.011

2013

  1. Cote-Menendez, M., Uribe-Isaza, M. M., & Prieto-Suárez, E. (2013). Validación para Colombia de la escala CRAFFT para tamización de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes [Validation for Colombia of the CRAFFT substance abuse screening test in adolescents]. Revista de salud publica (Bogota, Colombia), 15(2), 220–232.

2012

  1. Arnaud, N., Bröning, S., Drechsel, M., Thomasius, R., & Baldus, C. (2012). Web-based screening and brief intervention for poly-drug use among teenagers: study protocol of a multicentre two-arm randomized controlled trial. BMC public health, 12, 826. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-826
  2. Falck, R. S., Nahhas, R. W., Li, L., & Carlson, R. G. (2012). Surveying teens in school to assess the prevalence of problematic drug use. The Journal of school health, 82(5), 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2012.00690.x

2011

  1. Abbott P. J. (2011). Screening American Indian/Alaska natives for alcohol abuse and dependence in medical settings. Current drug abuse reviews, 4(4), 210–214. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874473711104040210
  2. Chang, G., Orav, E. J., Jones, J. A., Buynitsky, T., Gonzalez, S., & Wilkins-Haug, L. (2011). Self-reported alcohol and drug use in pregnant young women: a pilot study of associated factors and identification. Journal of addiction medicine, 5(3), 221–226. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0b013e318214360b
  3. Dhalla, S., Zumbo, B. D., & Poole, G. (2011). A review of the psychometric properties of the CRAFFT instrument: 1999-2010. Current drug abuse reviews, 4(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874473711104010057

2009

  1. Dieppe, C., Stanhope, B., & Rakhra, K. (2009). Children who harm themselves: development of a paediatric emergency department triage tool. Emergency medicine journal : EMJ, 26(6), 418–420. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2008.062463

2008

  1. Beeley, P., & Scriba, C. J. (2008). Auf der Suche nach neuen Wegen. Die Selbstdarstellung der Leopoldina und der Royal Society in London in ihrer Korrespondenz 1670-1677 [In search of new paths. The self image of the Leopoldina and the Royal Society in London in its correspondence 1670-1677]. Acta historica Leopoldina, (49), 305–326.
  2. Braaten, K., Briegleb, C., Hauke, S., Niamkey, N., & Chang, G. (2008). Screening pregnant young adults for alcohol and drug use: a pilot study. Journal of addiction medicine, 2(2), 74–78. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0b013e31815e4f7

2007

  1. Christie, G., Marsh, R., Sheridan, J., Wheeler, A., Suaalii-Sauni, T., Black, S., & Butler, R. (2007). The substances and choices scale (SACS)–the development and testing of a new alcohol and other drug screening and outcome measurement instrument for young people. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 102(9), 1390–1398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01916.x

2005

  1. Burke, P. J., O’Sullivan, J., & Vaughan, B. L. (2005). Adolescent substance use: brief interventions by emergency care providers. Pediatric emergency care, 21(11), 770–776. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pec.0000186435.66838.b3
  2. Cook, R. L., Chung, T., Kelly, T. M., & Clark, D. B. (2005). Alcohol screening in young persons attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Comparison of AUDIT, CRAFFT, and CAGE instruments. Journal of general internal medicine, 20(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.40052.x

2003

  1. Cummins, L. H., Chan, K. K., Burns, K. M., Blume, A. W., Larimer, M., & Marlatt, G. A. (2003). Validity of the CRAFFT in American-Indian and Alaska-Native adolescents: screening for drug and alcohol risk. Journal of studies on alcohol, 64(5), 727–732. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2003.64.727

 

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